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-
-
- How To Use The Oscilloscope, ~Project12~ Of ~TestGear4?.lha~.
- -------------------------------------------------------------
-
- What It Is Used For:-
- ---------------------
-
- The Oscilloscope is the single most important piece of test gear for the
- workshop. This Oscilloscope can do all of the standard things that a
- commercial device can do but NOT to the same accuracy. This can be used
- for showing Voltage, Current, AC, DC, Complex Waveforms and Simple Time
- measurment. An Oscilloscope is used throughout industry from laboratories
- to portable on site work. It is so important that there are many variants
- to do particular tasks especially in R&D, (Research and Developement).
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The Oscilloscope Front End:-
- ----------------------------
-
- Key:- __________________________
- ----- | _______________ ____ |
- | |+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| |oooo| |
- * = Horizontal Range Buttons. |>|+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|<|oooo| |
- # = Status Window. | |+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| |OO::| |
- o = Vertical Range Buttons. |>|+-+ DISPLAY +-+|<|----| |
- O = Vertical Mode Buttons. | |+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| |****| |
- :: = Info Window. |>|+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|<|**KV| |
- :::: = Info Window. | |+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| |::::| |
- +-+-+ = Graticule. | ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ |
- V = Access Vertical Range Button. | ############### |
- K = Access Keyboard Button. +--------------------------+
- ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯
-
- 1) This is the general layout of the Oscilloscope. From now on this will
- be refered to as the ~Scope~.
- 2) It is assumed that the Scope hardware is connected to the AMIGAs'
- parallel port.
- 3) It is also assumed that the Scope software is up and running on the
- AMIGA.
- 4) Connect the Scope Probe to the Scope hardware.
- 5) Connect the Scope Probes' Crocodile Clip to a suitable Ground, (GND)
- on the unit to be tested.
- 6) REFER to the Scope ~Manual~ on how to control this Oscilloscope.
- 7) The Scope is now ready for use.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A) Measuring DC, (Direct Current) Voltage:-
- -------------------------------------------
-
- 1) Select the Volts Per Division required, (V/DIV or mV/DIV).
- 2) Select the Mode required, (AC or DC) to DC.
- 3) Select the Single Shot timebase mode.
- 4) Set the trace to a Graticule Line, preferably the centreline.
- 5) Do a single scan at say 1mS/DIV to check that the trace is on the
- centreline.
- 6) Connect the probe to the DC line to be checked.
- 7) Do another scan.
- 8) Measure the amount of divisions the trace moves either UP or DOWN.
- 9) The DC Voltage is:-
-
- +(Volts Per Division)x(Number Of Divisions)
-
- Volts for a positive movement,
-
- OR:-
-
- -(Volts Per Division)x(Number Of Divisions)
-
- Volts for a negative movement.
-
- 10) Note that without an attenuator probe the maximum DC Voltage that can
- be measured is only + or - 60 Volts.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- B) Measuring AC, (Alternating Current) Voltage:-
- ------------------------------------------------
-
- 1) Select the Volts Per Division required, (V/DIV or mV/DIV).
- 2) Select the Mode required, (AC or DC) to AC.
- 3) Select the Single Shot timebase mode.
- 4) Set the trace to a Graticule Line, preferably the centreline.
- 5) Do a single scan at say 1mS/DIV to check that the trace is on the
- centreline.
- 6) Connect the probe to the AC circuit to be checked.
- 7) Now do a scan at say 1S/DIV and see the bright band on the display.
- 8) Measure the amount of divisions the bright band covers.
- 9) The AC Peak to Peak Voltage is:-
-
- (Volts Per Division)x(Number Of Divisions)
-
- 10) Note that without an attenuator probe the maximum AC Voltage that can
- be measured is only 120 Volts Peak to Peak.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- C) Measuring AC Voltages With A DC Offset:-
- -------------------------------------------
-
- 1) Select the Volts Per Division required, (V/DIV or mV/DIV).
- 2) Select the Mode required, (AC or DC) to DC.
- 3) Select the Single Shot timebase mode.
- 4) Set the trace to a Graticule Line, preferably the centreline.
- 5) Do a single scan at say 100uS/DIV to check that the trace is on the
- centreline.
- 6) Select a timebase range suitable to display the AC Component.
- 6) Connect the probe to the AC-DC circuit to be checked.
- 7) Now do another scan.
- 8) Measure the amount of divisions the complex voltage moves either UP
- or DOWN.
- 9) The Complex Voltage is:-
-
- +(Volts Per Division)x(Number Of Divisions)
-
- Volts for a positive movement to the positive peak of the AC component,
-
- OR:-
-
- -(Volts Per Division)x(Number Of Divisions)
-
- Volts for a negative movement to the negative peak of the AC component.
-
- 10) Note that without an attenuator probe the maximum Complex Voltage that
- can be measured is only + or - 60 Volts total, that is:-
- ((+ve DC)+(+ve Peak)) OR ((-ve DC)+(-ve Peak)).
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- D) Measuring DC Current:-
- -------------------------
-
- 1) Because the AMIGA has a FIXED Ground, (GND) this operation is very
- tricky. All DC Current measurements MUST be done in terms of volts
- drop accross a fixed value limiting resistor is series with the
- circuit under test.
- 2) The limiting resistor MUST always have one side AT, or NEAR to Ground,
- (GND) potential so that the very low voltages developed can be measured.
- 3) An EXAMPLE circuit:-
-
- (VCC)*----------->+
- |
- *------------------>
- Key:- SUPPLY TO DEVICE UNDER TEST
- ----- *------------------>
- |
- VCC = Supply Voltage. |
- * = Electrical Connections. | PROBE +-------+
- R = Shunt Resistor. *<------------| SCOPE |
- GND = Ground. | +------| INPUT |
- > = Supply Path. > | +-------+
- < = Scope Probe Connections. < |
- R > |
- < |
- > |
- | |
- (GND)*------*-----*<-----+
- | CROCODILE CLIP
- __|__
- /////
-
- 4) ~R~ is chosen to give approximately 100mV, (0.1V) accross it under
- full load conditions.
- 5) The DC Voltage is measured as in paragraph A).
- 6) The DC Current is therefore Voltage/Resistance, (I=V/R).
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- E) Measuring AC Current:-
- -------------------------
-
- 1) This is an extremely tricky operation.
- 2) It requires a Current Transformer to be connected in series with
- the circuit under test.
- 3) The Primary Winding is connected to the circuit under test and the
- Secondary Winding is connected to the Scope.
- 4) As the windings are totally isolated the Scopes' Ground, (GND)
- connection will be isolated from the unit under test also.
- 5) There are NO test proceedures here as all the calculations depend
- on the type of Current Transformer being used.
- 6) You will therefore have to find out for yourselves how to calculate
- the Current in an AC circuit using this device.
- 7) An EXAMPLE circuit:-
-
- +-------------------------------------------------------------->*
- | AC OUTPUT
- | +------------------------------------------------->*
- | |
- | | +<---*-----+ SCOPE PROBE
- | | | | |
- * |#( | |
- |#( > |
- AC INPUT )#( < | +-------+
- T1 P)#(S > +----| SCOPE |
- * )#( < RL +---| INPUT |
- | |#( > | +-------+
- | |#( < |
- | | | | |
- | | +<---*--*---+ SCOPE CROCODILE CLIP
- | | |
- +----------->+ | (GND)
- __|__
- /////
-
- Key:-
- -----
-
- AC = Alternating Current.
- T1 = Transformer.
- RL = Optional Load Resistor.
- P = Primary Winding.
- S = Secondary Winding.
- > = Supply Path.
- < = Scope Probe Connections.
- GND = Ground.
- * = Electrical Connections.
-
- 8) When you have aquired the information for the Current Transformer use
- paragraph B), measuring AC Voltages and convert using the relevant
- calculations to get the value of the current flowing.
- 9) ~RL~ is a MATCHING load resistor.
- 10) The general transformer Turns Ratio formula is:-
- _______
- (Np/Ns)=\/(Zp/Zs)
-
- Where:-
-
- Np = The number of turns on the primary.
- Ns = The number of turns on the secondary.
- Zp = Impedance of the Primary in Ohms.
- Zs = Impedance of the Secondary in Ohms.
-
- 11) And for Current Transfer the formula is:-
-
- (Np/Ns)=(Is/Ip)
-
- Where:-
-
- Np = The number of turns on the primary.
- Ns = The number of turns on the secondary.
- Is = Current in the Secondary.
- Ip = Current in the Primary.
-
- 12) These formulae assume IDEAL conditions.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- F) Frequency Measurement:-
- --------------------------
-
- 1) Select the Volts Per Division required, (V/DIV or mV/DIV).
- 2) Select the Mode required, (AC or DC) to AC.
- 3) Select the Single Shot timebase mode.
- 4) Set the trace to a Graticule Line, preferably the centreline.
- 5) Select the required Timebase Range.
- 6) The Frequency that is displayed will be:-
-
- (Number Of Peaks)
- --------------------------------------------------- = Frequency, Hz.
- ((Number Of Horizontal Divisions)x(Timebase Range))
-
- The ~Timebase Range~ must be in terms of Seconds/Division.
-
- For example:-
- -------------
-
- Number Of Peaks = 5.
- Number Of Divisions = 8.
- Timebase Range = 1mS/DIV, (0.001S/DIV).
-
- Therefore from the formula above...
-
- 5
- ------- = 625Hz.
- 8x0.001
-
- This is for a REPETITIVE waveform ONLY.
-
- 7) NOTE that the accuracy is to about + or - 15%, but it does give an
- idea of what the frequency is.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- What This Oscilloscope CANNOT Do:-
- ----------------------------------
-
- 1) It cannot reliably display waveforms greater than about 40KHz.
- 2) It has NO external triggering facilities.
- 3) It has NO ~Z~ modulation, (3rd axis), display.
- 4) It cannot display Lissajous figures.
- 5) It cannot do SINEWAVE interpolation. It has LINEAR interpolation only.
- This is approximately 10 Points/Cycle at 20KHz joined up linearly.
- 6) It has NO ~X~ amplifier.
- 7) It cannot sample greater than about 250KHz. This is a limitation of
- the AMIGA and NOT the A-D Converter.
- 8) It cannot generate an external RAMP voltage.
- 9) It cannot detect a single event ONLY.
-
- ============================================================================
-
- Mr Barry Walker, (G0LCU),
- 70 King George Road,
- Loughborough,
- Leicestershire,
- LE11 2PA,
- England.
-
- Email to:-
-
- wisecracker@tesco.net
-
- BYE.....
-
- ============================================================================
-